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There were three leaders of ancient Carthage who were known as ''Hanno the Great'', according to two historians (the Picards).〔Gilbert Charles Picard and Colette Picard. These two historians are husband and wife, yet each is an independent scholar in the field, with their own prior publications.〕 These figures they call for convenience: Hanno I the Great, Hanno II the Great, and Hanno III the Great.〔Gilbert Charles Picard and Colette Picard, ''Vie et mort de Carthage'' (Paris: Hachett); translated as ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (New York: Taplinger 1968), at 358 (); at 8, 129, 131-141 (I ); at 198-199, 205, 210 (II ); at 264, 286 (III ).〕 According to another historian (Warmington), there were three ancients of Carthage called ''Hanno'' "given the same nickname", that is ''the Great'', but he conjectures that it was a family nickname or a term not well understood by the ancient Greek or Roman writers. Warmington discusses only two of them (I and II), but he does not use the "I" or "II".〔B.H.Warmington, ''Carthage'' (Robert Hale 1960; Penguin 1964) at 119 (with nickname ); at 282 (); at 115-123 (the Great, "I" ); at 86, 195-197, 201-206, 209 (the Great, "II" ).〕 Another historian (Lancel) mentions only one Hanno the Great, namely Hanno "I" the Great. The one already referred to here as "Hanno II the Great" he discusses but calls him simply "Hanno".〔Serge Lancel, ''Carthage'' (Librairie Artheme Fayard 1992); translated as ''Carthage. A history'' (Blackwell 1995) at 470 (); at 115 (the Great, aka "I" ); at 259, 272-275 (aka "Hanno II the Great" ).〕 Of course, it is an anomaly for multiple people to be called ''Hanno the Great''. In all, there were many historical figures named Hanno in ancient Carthage.〔Evidently difficulties exists which cause the above historians (the Picards, Warmington, Lancel) some trouble in coordinating a coherent view of those historical personages of ancient Carthage, each called Hanno. According to the indexes of their books, there were eight or more.〕 ==Hanno I the Great== Hanno the Great was a politician and military leader of the 4th century BC. His title, according to Justin,〔Justin was a Roman who in the 2nd century/ * Hanno I the Great */ AD condensed a work of the Roman historian Pompeius Trogus written in the 1st century BC. Picard, ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (1968) at 30-31.〕 was ''princeps Cathaginiensium''. It is considered more likely that the title signifies ''first among equals'', rather than being a title of nobility or royalty.〔Picard, ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (1968) at 131-132.〕〔Serge Lancel, ''Carthage. A history'' (1992; Blackwell 1995) at 115.〕 His rival Suniatus was called the ''potentissimus Poenorum'', or "the most powerful of the Carthaginians", in the year 368. Several years later Suniatus was accused of high treason (for correspondence with Syracuse) and probably executed.〔Picard, ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (1968) at 132, 133.〕〔Warmington, ''Carthage'' (1964) at 117.〕 In 367 Hanno the Great commanded a fleet of 200 ships which won a decisive naval victory over the Greeks of Sicily. His victory effectively blocked the plans of Dionysius I of Syracuse to attack Lilybaeum, a city allied to Carthage in western Sicily.〔Warmington, ''Carthage'' (1964) at 115-116.〕 For about twenty years Hanno the Great was the leading figure of Carthage, and perhaps the wealthiest. In the 340s he schemed to become the tyrant. After distributing food to the populace, the time for a show of force came and he utilized for that purpose the native slaves and a Berber chieftain. Although not a military threat to Carthage, Hanno the Great was captured, found to be a traitor, and tortured to death. Many members of his family were also put to death.〔Warmington, ''Carthage'' (1960, 1964) at 119-120.〕 Yet later his son Gisgo was given the command of seventy ships of Carthage manned by Greek mercenaries and sent to Lilybaeum, after which peace was negotiated by Carthage with Timoleon of Syracuse, c. 340. Thereafter, this family's prestige and influence at Carthage would tell in later generations.〔Warmington, ''Carthage'' (1964) at 120, 123.〕 Hanno I the Great was probably an ancestor of Hanno II the Great.〔Picard, ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (1968) at 198.〕〔Cf, Warmington, ''Carthage'' (1964) at 119.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hanno the Great」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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